Grammar and usage (1)

Introduction to attributive clauses

The General Idea of This Period:

This period will deal with the Attributive Clause. You will have systematic explanations of the Attributive Clause as well as some exercises to consolidate what you learn.

Teaching Aim: Introduce attributive clause.

Teaching Important Point: The basic usage of the relative pronouns and relative adverbs

Teaching Difficult Point: How to help the Ss to learn the Attributive Clause efficiently.

Teaching Method:

Deduction to present the usage of the relative pronouns and then some exercises to consolidate what we have learned.

Teaching Aids: A projector and some slides

Teaching Procedures:

Step1 Revision

Check the homework.

Step2 Presentation

Ask the Ss to look at the picture on Page8 and speak out what they may think of. After

two or three students have finished, the teacher leads in to explain the Attributive Clause.

T: Quite good! You saw much more than I. I can just see a green team, a football team in green, a team who were wearing green.( Write down these three structures on the Bb.) Look at the Bb please. Here green is an adjective and it modifies team.

Adjective: a green team

Prepositional phrase: a team in green

Attributive clause: a team who were wearing green

An attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way as adjective or prepositional phrase does. The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.

Attributive clauses are usually introduced by relative pronouns like which, that, who, whom and whose, or relative adverbs like where, why and when. In these cases these relative words usually function as the :

Subject

The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.

Object

The students whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.

Predicative

Jack is no longer the lazy boy he used to be.

Attribute

She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.

Adverbial

The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.

Step3 Consolidation

T: Let’s see whether we can use them freely or not. Two friends are talking about where to go after school. Complete their conversation with relative pronouns. WB Page9.

WB Page 88 C1.

Step 4 Summary and Homework

T: In this period we’ve learned about the Attributive Clause. We know attributive clauses are related by relative pronouns and adverbs. They modify nouns or pronouns called antecedents. Then we spent quite much time in doing exercises. Today’s homework is to go through the grammar we have learned this class and try to get familiar with them. Refer to the notes when necessary.

The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Record after Teaching:

Grammar and usage (2)

Introduction to Relative Pronouns

The General Idea of This Period:

This period will continue dealing with the grammar part: the Attributive Clause. You will have systematic explanations of the relative pronouns as well as some exercises to consolidate what you learn.

Teaching Aim: Introduce relative pronouns.

Teaching Important Point: The basic usage of the relative pronouns

Teaching Difficult Point: How to help the Ss to grasp the usages of relative pronouns.

Teaching Method:

Present the usage of the relative pronouns and then some exercises to consolidate what we have learned.

Teaching Aid: A projector and some slides

Teaching Procedures:

Step1 Revision

Revise the defintions of attributive clauses learned last time.

Step2 Presentation

Look at the sentences on the slide and see how the relative pronouns are used. Ask the Ss to give their answers .The teacher draws thr conclusion:

1. In attributive clauses, “that” and “which” are used to refer to things.

e.g. This is the story that/which we wrote for our storytelling contest.

All my classmates enjoyed the cake that/which I made.

The book that/which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.

Tips: “That” is more usual and less formal than “which”.

2.      In attributive clauses, we use “who” to refer to people.

e.g. She is the teacher who taught us English Literature.

The girl who is the monitor of our class lives next door to me.

Tips: We can also use “that” to refer to people, but it is less usual.

 Do you know the man that is talking to Mike over there? 

3.      When who function as the object, it can be replaced by “whom”. In this case “whom” is more formal than “who”.

e.g. The student who/whom we saw at the shool gate is from America.

I don’t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room the other

day.

4. We can leave out “who, whom, which” and “that” when they are the objects.

e.g. The girl (that/who/whom) you have just seen is very good at English.

He likes all the birthday presents (that/which) his friends gave him.

5.      We use “whose” to mean possession. It usually relates to a person, but it can also relate to things.

e.g. I sat next to a girl whose name was Danie.

The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.

 We are studying in a big classroom whose door faces east.

Step3 Practice

T: Now let’ssee whether we can use themfreely or not. Two friends are talking about where to go after school. Complete their conversation with who,whom, which, that, or whose. Ss’ book Page11.

Step 4 Consolidation

Rewrite each pair of clauses using the attributive clause.Ss’WB Page88 C2

Step 5 Summary and homework

We know attributive clauses are related by relative pronouns and adverbs. Today we have learned the usages ofrelative pronouns. So today’s homework is to go through this after class and try to get familiar with them.

The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Record after Teaching:

Grammar and usage(3)

The relative pronoun --- that

Teaching Aim: The relative pronoun "that"

Teahing important Point：The special usages of "that"

Teaching Difficult Point: How to help the students to grasp the usages of relative pronoun "that"

Teaching Method: Deduction to present the usages of the relative pronoun "that" and then some exercises to consolidate what they have learnt.

Teaching Aids: A projector and some slides

Teaching Procedures:

Step1 Revision

Check their homework: Page11 Complete the conversation with who, whom, that, which

Page88 C2.

Step2 Presentation

In the following cases the relative pronoun “that” can not be replaced by “which”.

1.      The antecedents are modified by ordinal numbers and the superlative degree of adverbs.

e.g. The first thing (that) we should do is to have lunch.

This is the longest bridge (that) I have ever seen.

2. When the antecedents are all, much, little, few, anything, nothing etc.

e.g. All that can be done has been done.

        I have little (that) I can lend you.

3. The antecedents are modified by any, all, no, the only, the very, the last etc.

e.g. You can take any room (that) you like.

There is no difficulty (that) we can't overcome.

The antecedent “time” is modified by "last"

e.g. This is the last time (that) I 'll give you a lesson.

( That can be omitted, but "when" can't be used.)

4. The antecedents refer to both people and things

e.g. He talked of things and persons (that) he was interested in.

5. The antecedent is “the way”

e.g. I don't like the way (that/in which) you educate your son.

Step3 Practice

    Do the exercises on the Ss’ reference book Page 7.Check the answers with the Ss.

Step4 Consolidation

1.      The poor man ____ lost his money just now is called John.

A whose    B which     C who     D whom

2.      The songs ___ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded ______.

A  /   beautifully    B that  wonderfully   C which  well   D  / nice

3.      He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A is     B are     C have been    D has been

4.      Finally the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

A which   B what   C whatever    D that

5.      He told me all  ____ he knew.

A which   B what    C that    D how

6.      Is the river ______ through that town very large?

A which flows   B flows   C that flowing D whose flows

7. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.

A. which     B. whose     C. where     D. with

8. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____   she could turn for help.

A. that   B. who   C. from whom   D. to whom

9. Is this factory _____ you visited the other day?

A  which    B. where    C. to which     D. the one

10.  He is one of the teachers who _____ English but the only one of the teachers who _____ French in our school.

A. know   knows   B. knows  know   C. knows  knows  D. know    know

Step 5 Summary and Homework

In this period we've learned about the special usages of “that”. We know that in some cases we can only use “that” instead of “which”. So today's homework is to go through this after class and try to get familiar with them.

The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Record after Teaching